Monday 22 December 2014

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Textured Wallpaper Biography

Source(google.com.pk)
Textured wallpaper is a home decorating product that has a three-dimensional finish or a three-dimensional effect. For example, textured wallpaper made out of bamboo might actually have a rough texture to the touch. On the other hand, there are wallpapers that are simply printed or painted in such a way that they look like they have a three-dimensional texture. These kinds of faux textured wallpaper are actually smooth to the touch. Understandably wall paper that is actually textured is often more expensive than faux textured wallpaper, especially the variety that is printed in mass quantities.
Sometimes a textured wallpaper is used to make a wall look as though it is made of a natural, textured material. This is true in cases where wallpaper creates faux effects of marble or stucco. This is an inexpensive alternative to actually building with natural materials such as stone that can be quite expensive, especially when they are installed in large slabs to cover an entire wall. This kind of textured wallpaper can be used in homes but is also often used in commercial or public buildings. Restaurants often use textured wallpaper to make their walls look as if they are made of more expensive materials.

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Remarkably, the modern roll sizes of wallpapers produced in several countries are based on 200 -300 year old technology. The reason for the width and length of paper rolls is based both on the sizes of the handmade rag paper sheets produced in the 17th and 18th centuries and the widths of the woven fabrics they originally sought to copy. Historically in Britain the handmade paper sheets available, before continuous machine made paper was invented in the early 19th century, were approximately 22 inches (56cm.) square. Twelve sheets would be glued and joined at the edges to form a roll or a ‘dozen’ before grounding and block printing. After printing, the unprinted edges which showed the corner pin marks used for registration or alignment of the printing blocks would be trimmed down to 21 inches before hanging, or at least one edge would be trimmed off to overlap and cover the untrimmed edge of its neighbour and reasonably pattern matched to the adjacent lengths. Wallpaper widths in France, perhaps due to paper or fabric widths, were generally narrower at 47cm. American wallpapers are sold in ‘double rolls’ of 5 yds each for some obscure 

he earliest “homegrown” wallpaper was discovered at Christ’s College, Cambridge, printed on the back of documents dated 1509.  Its pattern imitated fashionable Italian damask, and mimicry of experience materials such as embossed leather and plasterwork was key to the development of paper hangings.  Each designs were block printed on small sheets of paper with larger patterns arranged across several sheets so that the full design only came together when the paper was tacked or pasted to the wall.
This is the method that was used for printing wallpaper and textiles for hundreds of years.  The design was hand carved in relief on blocks of fruitwood, one block for each colour.  The blocks were dipped in pigment and applied to the paper in sequence to create the design. The qualities admired in block-printed wallpapers are depth of colour and a distinctive texture caused by the vacuum created when the block is lifted from the paper. Block printing is now hugely expensive but still used for some historic projects for which the original blocks exist, for example, the William Morris designs owned by Sanderson and printed under the Morris & Co brand.
Mechanised surface printing of wallpaper took off during the 1840s, by which time paper was being produced in a continuous roll rather than in single sheets.  Surface printing adapted the block-printing technique to  rotating cylinders with the pattern in relief on the roller.  Powered initially by steam, production was faster and continuous. Many wallpapers are still surface printer at an affordable price, including William Morris designs for Morris & Co.

The postwar housing boom drove the search  for methods that would allow wallpaper to be mass produced.  In the 1950s, rotary printing adapted the technique of flatbed silk-screen printing, which had been developed in the 1940s.  Screen printing es essentially a stencil process but, when worked on a rotary cylinder, it much faster.  Gravure printing was also developed in the 1950s. Steel rollers etched with tones as well as patterns gave designers a system that enabled them to create watercolour effects. Flexographic printing  in the 1960s was a refinement of surface printing, still using a roller with the design in relief, but able to print finer lines and requiring a thinner layer of ink. As thin ink dries more quickly, wallpaper would be produced faster and most cost effectively.
Digital printing is here already and is particularly suited to shorter runs and bespoke projects because it is relatively slow. However, unlike rotary printing methods in which the design  or repeat is restricted by the circumference of the cylinder, digital printing offers the freedom to tailor the scale of a design to suit a particular interior, and the number of colours in a design is limitless.  Another exciting new development is wallpaper with decorative elements applied to the surface, such as crystal and beads, metallic flakes and mineral compounds that capture the light.
 A surprising number of artists, architects, and designers, including Salvador Dali, Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright, Cecil Beaton and Edward Bawden, have turned their hand to creating wallpaper designs. Sanderson struck lucky with it Palladio collections of the 1960s, commissioning designs from young artists such as Terence Conran, Zandra Rhodes and Pat Albeck at the start of their notable careers. Recently Vivienne Westwood  has designed wallpapers.
If the wall on which a wallpaper will be hing has different finishes, for example a painted area next to a section that has been plastered or filled, then it is important to apply a primer/sealer to prepare the surface before papering. Modern emulsion paints are designed to be mildly non-stick-admirable for ease of cleaning finger marks but not so useful as a substitute for wallpaper adhesion.  Rubbing  the surface with sandpaper followed by an application of primer/sealer will help. The optimum preparation for a quality finish is to cross-line the walls by hanging plain uncoated paper horizontally across the surface.  This ensures that the joins will not coincide with those between the lengths of the featured wallpaper. Cross-lining also conceals minor imperfections in the wall’s surface and gives excellent adhesion between the paper and the wall.

Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo
Textured Wallpaper Floral Wallpaper Tumblr Quotes For Iphonr Pattern Vintage HD Tumblr For Iphone UK Pinterest With Quotes Photo

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